In the late 19th century, the Acoli territory came under British colonial rule as part of the Uganda Protectorate. During this period, significant social and economic changes occurred, including the introduction of cash crops and Christianity. In the mid-20th century, Uganda gained independence from British colonial rule. However, political instability and conflicts persisted in the region, leading to periods of unrest and violence. Despite these challenges, the Acoli have maintained their cultural identity and traditions, including their language, music, dance, and religious beliefs. They are known for their resilience and strong sense of community.